Keywords
fibroblasts
blood plasma
platelets
healing
How to Cite
Abstract
Wound healing is a vital field of study in both human and veterinary medicine, particularly in the treatment of chronic wounds. Platelet-rich plasma, known for its potential to enhance tissue regeneration due to its high concentration of growth factors, can be further processed into Platelet-rich plasma lysate. As an acellular product, Platelet-rich plasma lysate may exhibit reduced immunogenicity and can be stored frozen for future applications. Using heterologous Platelet-rich plasma lysate derived from larger animal species can be beneficial, particularly for veterinary patients who are unable to provide their own blood due to conditions such as low body weight, coagulopathy, or anemia. This study aims to evaluate and compare the in vitro wound-healing effects of Platelet-rich plasma lysate derived from equine, porcine, and caprine sources on dermal fibroblasts. Platelet-rich plasma lysate was prepared using a double centrifugation method and freeze-thaw protocol, and its effects were assessed through cell viability and in vitro wound healing assays. The cell viability assay revealed a positive dose-dependent effect of Platelet-rich plasma lysate from all tested animal species. Notably, 10% and 20% Platelet-rich plasma lysate from caprine and equine sources, as well as 20% caprine Platelet-rich plasma lysate, showed significantly higher cell viability compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). The in vitro wound healing assay showed that all Platelet-rich plasma lysate from the selected species had positive cell migration effects on dermal fibroblasts comparable to the positive control (10% Fetal Bovine Serum) at 5% concentration. However, a negative dose-dependent effect followed at higher concentrations. When compared to negative control, only positive control (10% Fetal Bovine Serum), 5% porcine Platelet-rich plasma lysate, as well as 5% and 10% caprine Platelet-rich plasma lysate were found to have significantly higher cell migration effect on dermal fibroblasts at 48-hour post-scratch. These findings highlight the potential of animal-derived Platelet-rich plasma lysate particularly of caprine origin, as an alternative treatment for wound healing, though further in vivo studies are needed to confirm its clinical applicability.
References
Abegão, K.G.B., Bracale, B.N., Delfim, I.G., Santos, E.S. dos, Laposy, C.B., Nai, G.A., Giuffrida, R., Nogueira, R.M.B. 2015. Effects of heterologous platelet-rich plasma gel on standardized dermal wound healing in rabbits. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira, 30, 3, 209–215. https://doi.org/ 10.1590/S0102-865020150030000008
Aldén, A., Gonzalez, L., Persson, A., Christensson, K., Holmqvist, O., Ohlson, S. 2007. Porcine platelet lysate as a supplement for animal cell culture. Cytotechnology, 55, 1, 3–8. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10616-007-9097-9
Berndt, S., Turzi, A., Pittet-Cuénod, B., Modarressi, A. 2019. Autologous platelet-rich plasma (CuteCell PRP) safely boosts in vitro human fibroblast expansion. Tissue Engineering Part A, 25, 21–22, 1550–1563. https://doi.org/ 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0335
Bonferoni, M.C., Rossi, S., Sandri, G., Caramella, C., Del Fante, C., Perotti, C., Miele, D., Vigani, B., Ferrari, F. 2019. Bioactive medications for the delivery of platelet derivatives to skin Wounds. Current Drug Delivery, 16, 5, 472–483. https://doi.org/ 10.2174/1381612825666190320154406
Chicharro-Alcántara, D., Rubio-Zaragoza, M., Damiá-Giménez, E., Carrillo-Poveda, J., Cuervo-Serrato, B., Peláez-Gorrea, P., Sopena-Juncosa, J. 2018. Platelet rich plasma: New insights for cutaneous wound healing management. Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 9, 1, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb9010010
Chun, N., Canapp, S., Carr, B.J., Wong, V., Curry, J. 2020. Validation and characterization of platelet-rich plasma in the feline: A prospective analysis. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7, 512. https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fvets.2020.00512
Conde-Montero, E., de la Cueva Dobao, P., Martínez González, J.M. 2017. Platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of chronic wounds: evidence to date. Chronic Wound Care Management and Research, 4, 107–120. https://doi.org/ 10.2147/CWCMR.S118655
Farghali, H.A., AbdElKader, N.A., Khattab, M.S., AbuBakr, H.O. 2017. Evaluation of subcutaneous infiltration of autologous platelet-rich plasma on skin-wound healing in dogs. Bioscience Reports, 37, 2, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20160503
Ferdousy, R.N., Tarif, A.M.M., Paul, S., Juyena, N.S., Rahman, M.M. 2013. Role of platelet rich plasma gel in the wound healing of black Bengal goat. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 6, 5, 14–21. https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-0651421
Gemignani, F., Perazzi, A., Iacopetti, I. 2017. Use of canine sourced platelet-rich plasma in a feline contaminated cutaneous wound. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 58, 2, 141–144.
Gilbertie, J.M., Long, J.M., Schubert, A.G., Berglund, A.K., Schaer, T. P., Schnabel, L.V. 2018. Pooled platelet-rich plasma lysate therapy increases synoviocyte proliferation and hyaluronic acid production while protecting chondrocytes from synoviocyte-derived inflammatory mediators. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 5, 150. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00150
Gupta, A., Maffulli, N., Jain, V.K. 2023. Red blood cells in platelet-rich plasma: Avoid if at all possible. Biomedicines, 11, 9, 2425. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092425
Harries, R. L., Bosanquet, D. C., Harding, K. G. 2016. Wound bed preparation: TIME for an update. International Wound Journal, 13, Suppl 3, 8–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.12662
Järbrink, K., Ni, G., Sönnergren, H., Schmidtchen, A., Pang, C., Bajpai, R., Car, J. 2016. Prevalence and incidence of chronic wounds and related complications: a protocol for a systematic review. Systematic Reviews, 5, 1, 152. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0329-y
Kaneps, A.J. 2023. A one-health perspective: use of hemoderivative regenerative therapies in canine and equine patients. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 261, 3, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.22.12.0556
Khalaf, F.H., and Salih, S.I. 2018. Clinical and histopathological evaluation of using platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin matrix in treatment of induced chronic open wounds in bucks. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 11, 5, 337–341. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i5.24105
Kožár, M., Hamilton, H., Koščová, J. 2018. Types of wounds and the prevalence of bacterial contamination of wounds in the clinical practice of small animals. Folia Veterinaria, 62, 4, 39–47. https://doi.org/10.2478/fv-2018-0036
MSD Veterinary Manual. n.d. Hematology (Complete Blood Count) Reference Ranges. Available at https://www.msdvetmanual.com/multimedia/table/hematology-complete-blood-count-reference-ranges, Accessed: 04.08.2025.
Lei, H., Gui, L., Xiao, R. 2009. The effect of anticoagulants on the quality and biological efficacy of platelet-rich plasma. Clinical Biochemistry, 42, 13–14, 1452–1460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.06.012
Low, W.M., Hsieh, Y.H., Chu, Y.C., Hsiao, J.T., Shu, Y.T., Lee, H.M., Hsieh, M.F. 2025. Effect of freeze-dried porcine platelet lysate on wound healing in Rats. Medicina, 61, 6, 1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61061098
Lux, C.N. 2022. Wound healing in animals: A review of physiology and clinical evaluation. Veterinary Dermatology, 33, 1, 91-е27. https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.13032
Naskou, M.C., Sumner, S.M., Chocallo, A., Kemelmakher, H., Thoresen, M., Copland, I., Galipeau, J., Peroni, J.F. 2018. Platelet lysate as a novel serum-free media supplement for the culture of equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 9, 1, 75. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-018-0823-3
Notodihardjo, S. C., Morimoto, N., Kakudo, N., Mitsui, T., Le, T. M., Tabata, Y., Kusumoto, K. 2019. Comparison of the efficacy of cryopreserved human platelet lysate and refrigerated lyophilized human platelet lysate for wound healing. Regenerative Therapy, 10, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reth.2018.10.003
Perrone, G., Lastra, Y., González, C., Caggiano, N., Giménez, R., Pareja, R., De Simone, E. 2020. Treatment With Platelet Lysate Inhibits Proteases of Synovial Fluid in Equines With Osteoarthritis. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 88, 102952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102952
Russell, K.A., and Koch, T.G. 2016. Equine platelet lysate as an alternative to fetal bovine serum in equine mesenchymal stromal cell culture - too much of a good thing? Equine Veterinary Journal, 48, 2, 261–264. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12440
Strandberg, G., Sellberg, F., Sommar, P., Ronaghi, M., Lubenow, N., Knutson, F., Berglund, D. 2017. Standardizing the freeze-thaw preparation of growth factors from platelet lysate. Transfusion, 57, 4, 1058–1065. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.13998
Tambella, A.M., Martin, S., Cantalamessa, A., Serri, E., Attili, A.R. 2018. Platelet-rich plasma and other hemocomponents in veterinary regenerative medicine. Wounds: A Compendium of Clinical Research and Practice, 30, 11, 329–336.
Tanimu, H., Vijayan, N. K., Omana Sukumaran, B. 2022. Polyherbal Formulation Approach: A Promising Wound Healing Strategy. International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research, 12, 5, 126–142. https://doi.org/10.22376/ijpbs/lpr.2022.12.5.P126-142
Wang, Z., Zhai, C., Fei, H., Hu, J., Cui, W., Wang, Z., Li, Z., Fan, W. 2018. Intraarticular injection autologous platelet-rich plasma and bone marrow concentrate in a goat osteoarthritis model. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.23877
Xian, L.J., Chowdhury, S.R., Bin Saim, A., Idrus, R.B. 2015. Concentration-dependent effect of platelet-rich plasma on keratinocyte and fibroblast wound healing. Cytotherapy, 17, 3, 293–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.10.005
Xiao, X., Xu, J., Wang, C., Jin, Z., Qiang Yuan, Zhou, L., Shan, L. 2024. Porcine platelet lysates exert the efficacy of chondroregeneration and SMAD2-mediated anti-chondrofibrosis on knee osteoarthritis. International Immunopharmacology, 128, 111509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111509
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Archives of Veterinary Medicine